The function of cognitive dissonance in creating insider risk. However, this inhibition decreased over time until the perpetrator engaged in fraud. Reviewing research on organizational deviant behavior (Bennett & Robinson, 2000; Robinson & Bennet, 1995) and incivility (Andersson & Pearson, 1999; cf. Ambivalent Motivation Case Studies. Siebold, G. L. (2007). Ideal versus ought predilections for approach and avoidance distinct self-regulatory systems. (2016). For these reasons, our framework also incorporates ambivalence: individuals might wish to stay in an organization due to continued income and job security, however, if they are experiencing personal stressors they might engage in lower-frequency and lower-intensity behaviors to reconcile their divided loyalties, e.g., small leaks of information deemed to be of limited importance. As a result, technology investments sometimes go unused or are underused.
Defining Insider Threats | CISA Arguably, the majority of InT detection methods are based on the assumption that intentional (malicious) behavior should be the primary focus of surveillance and security strategies. Is AI Manufacturings Answer For Front-Line Skills Attrition? Many individuals are fiercely protective of their privacy, even when at work and even in their use of corporate assets. In other cases, employees may be seeking attention, or have a hero complex that leads them to divulge confidential information. For instance, if persuasive communications were directed toward Bishop (in conjunction with self deception) and he was more acutely aware of the fact that his actions were in conflict with his security and intelligence commitments to his employer, Bishops motivational pathway might instead reflect unstable ambivalent motivations. An insider threat is leaked or misused data thatwhether released accidentally or purposefullycould be used in malicious ways or viewed by individuals who shouldn't have legitimate access. This will include a common social identity, i.e., a fellow employee, soldier, citizen. The major security threats are coming from within, as opposed to outside forces.
The Other Insider Threat - CyberArk Due to a desire to eliminate cognitive dissonance (Festinger, 1962; Harmon-Jones, 2019), individuals will seek to reduce ambivalence to maintain perceived consistency with ones prior beliefs (Figure 3; Harmon-Jones, 2000; McGrath, 2017). (2009). (2009). Briefly, inside threats arise from two kinds of employees: those who are negligent and those with malicious intent (see sidebar, "Double trouble"). Gunman and 12 Victims Killed in Shooting at D.C. Navy Yard. By using terms that reflect oversimplified stereotypes of deviants, personnel security and counterintelligence operations risk falsely identifying InTs or missing InTs posed by individuals that share more typical characteristics with other group membership. Concurrently, perceptions of incivility (Andersson & Pearson, 1999; Cortina et al., 2001) are also associated with negative workplace outcomes such as loss of interpersonal and organizational cohesion, which could be exploited by external parties (e.g., Estes & Wang, 2008; Lim et al., 2008). Observations in the behavioral and social sciences that are greater than or equal to three standard deviations are typically considered outliers, i.e., abnormal behavior that do not reflect typical behavior. From malicious actors to negligent employees, insider threats come in many forms and can have devastating consequences for organizations of all sizes. The Dark Triad at work: How toxic employees get their way. Like omitters, slippers do not likely have the intention to harm an organization and might self-report the spillage. Nevertheless, insights can be drawn from other domains in the study of deviant behavior in other settings. Companies are certainly aware of the problem, but they rarely dedicate the resources or executive attention required to solve it. McGrath, A. Chabrol, H., Van Leeuwen, N., Rodgers, R., & Sjourn, N. (2009). For instance, use of prosocial ('whistleblowers') and antisocial ('traitor . National Insider Threat Task Force. When an individual becomes aware of discrepancies between attitudes and behaviors (A1/B1, A2/B2), any perceived differences (B2 A1) produce a negative affective response (cognitive dissonance) due to an inconsistency in maintaining a coherent self-image. Shaw, E. D., & Sellers, L. (2015). In, Oltramari, A., Cranor, L. F., Walls, R. J., & McDaniel, P. D. (2014). When morality opposes justice: Conservatives have moral intuitions that liberals may not recognize. breaches we studied had a substantial insider component (Exhibit 1). Moody et al., 2018; Shaw et al., 1998). Employees can also make themselves personally vulnerable to attack and co-option. Researchers have often speculated about how these dark traits relate to InTs (Kandias et al., 2013; Maasberg et al., 2015; Schoenherr & Thomson, 2020), based on studies of how they affect workplace behavior (Boyle et al., 2012). The dishonesty of honest people: A theory of self-concept maintenance. Estes, B., & Wang, J. Shear, M. D., & Schmidt, M. S. (2013). For instance, in the recent case of Joshua Shulte, who is accused of leaking information (so-called Vault 7) from the Central Intelligence Agency to WikiLeaks in 2017, his work unit has been described as defined by tiresome high jinks juvenile name-calling and recrimination including frequent Nerf-gun fights and lax security (Keefe, 2022). To agree or not to agree: The effects of value congruence, individual demographic dissimilarity, and conflict on workgroup outcomes. On attempting to evaluate claims of damage to national security, see Gioe and Hatfield (2020). Existing literature on insider threats generally assumes that individuals who commit cybersecurity transgressions do so due to an ulterior motive that is typically accompanied by malicious intent or the desire to enrich themselves for financial or personal gain. Berman, M., & Bever, L. (2017, June 2). Factorial and Dimensional Approaches. A pilot study of cyber security and privacy related behavior and personality traits. The essence of military group cohesion. Studies have also found that these motivations are differentially associated with different political orientations. Sorry, something went wrong. Crucially, organizations such as the National Insider Threat Task Force (NITTF) acknowledge that single indicators are inadequate in predicting InT and that " an individual may have no malicious intention," (National Insider Threat Task Force, 2022). Gratian, M., Bandi, S., Cukier, M., Dykstra, J., & Ginther, A. The Dark Triad of personality: A 10 year review. Specifically, as an abstract concept, monetary and financial motivations might differ from other sources of motivation (Lodder et al., 2019). Ethical sensemaking corresponds to an individuals ability to identify and understand the ethical features of a situation.
Build new and old strategies into insider threat management Companies may have invested in technology to help minimize the impact of insider threats, but the lack of skilled employees may result in the benefits not being fully realized. Unintentional Motivation Case Studies. The main personas that present a risk are well established and have been studied at length. By identifying employees that have characteristics associated with unintentional InT (e.g., low conscientiousness, high neuroticism), insider threat programmes can more effectively develop and target training programs. Bennett, R. J., & Robinson, S. L. (2000). However, there is considerable anecdotal mention of the insider threat issue. Addressing the drivers of malicious behavior is an even more personal task. When individuals become aware of inconsistencies in multiple values, attitudes, or behaviors they maintain, they experience negative affect (or, cognitive dissonance), which people attempt to reduce or eliminate. Furr, R. M., & Funder, D. C. (2018). Failing to think it through often results in employee complaints about invasion of privacy. For instance, unless an employee is familiar with a working groups dynamic and the roles and responsibilities of its members, they might be reluctant to accuse another of InT behavior for fear of reducing social cohesion and alienating other group members or themselves. Thus, in contrast to MAP-IT which emphasizes the influence of social cognitive processes, the CPIR approach reflects a variant of the organizational deviant behavior approach (Bennett & Robinson, 2000; Giacalone & Greenberg, 1997; Robinson & Bennet, 1995). The insider threat to information systems. Posey, C., Bennett, B., Roberts, T., & Lowry, P. B. Greitzer, F. L. (2019). Keep ransomware and other threats at bay while you secure patient trust. Studies of workplace incivility demonstrate that specific personality traits (e.g., agreeableness, emotional stability) decrease the perception of incivility whereas other traits (e.g., trait anger) increased perceptions of incivility (Sliter et al., 2015). Assessing the Leakers: Criminals or Heroes? Defense Science Board (2012), Predicting Violent Behavior. Incivility in the workplace: Incidence and impact. For example, if an employee group has a high prevalence of flight risks due to disgruntlement over a manager, the organization may require leadership coaching or even rotating the manager out of the group. Kaspersky (2022) distinguishes between the Nave Insider, Saboteur, Disloyal Insider, Moonlighter, and the Mole. When employees believe that the (often implicit) social contract of a workplace is violated by their employer, they can retaliate against an organization, including engaging in acts of sabotage and other CWBs (Ambrose et al., 2002; Hanley et al., 2009). Similar situations can arise with the transmission of other organizational resources (e.g., money) as well as accidentally downloading malware. Insider threat detection and prediction are important mitigation techniques. Moreover, a constellation of individual differences would also seem to be relevant to the most malicious forms of InT, collectively referred to in psychology as the Dark Triad (Furnham et al., 2013; Jones & Figueredo, 2013; Paulhus, 2014): psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism. If this problem reoccurs, please contact Scholastica Support.
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